02B0:Spacing Modifier Letters 02B0:Spacing Modifier Letters
Descriptions Descriptions
0370:Greek and Coptic 0370:Greek and Coptic
0300:Combining Diacritical Marks

0300:Combining Diacritical Marks

0300 Combining Diacritical Marks 036F
Ordinary diacritics

̀

0300

COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT (Varia)
= Greek varia
x (grave accent - 0060)
x (modifier letter grave accent - 02CB)

́

0301

COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT (Oxia, Tonos)
= stress mark
= Greek oxia, tonos
x (apostrophe - 0027)
x (acute accent - 00B4)
x (modifier letter prime - 02B9)
x (modifier letter acute accent - 02CA)
x (greek tonos - 0384)

̂

0302

COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
= hat
x (circumflex accent - 005E)
x (modifier letter circumflex accent - 02C6)

̃

0303

COMBINING TILDE
* IPA: nasalization
* Vietnamese tone mark
x (tilde - 007E)
x (small tilde - 02DC)

̄

0304

COMBINING MACRON
= long
* distinguish from the following
x (macron - 00AF)
x (modifier letter macron - 02C9)

̅

0305

COMBINING OVERLINE
= overscore, vinculum
* connects on left and right
x (macron - 00AF)

̆

0306

COMBINING BREVE (Vrachy)
= short
= Greek vrachy
x (breve - 02D8)

̇

0307

COMBINING DOT ABOVE
= derivative (Newtonian notation)
* IPA (withdrawn in 1976): palatalization
x (dot above - 02D9)

̈

0308

COMBINING DIAERESIS (Dialytika)
= double dot above, umlaut
= Greek dialytika
= double derivative
x (diaeresis - 00A8)

̉

0309

COMBINING HOOK ABOVE
= hoi
* kerns left or right of circumflex over vowels
* Vietnamese tone mark
x (modifier letter glottal stop - 02C0)

̊

030A

COMBINING RING ABOVE
x (degree sign - 00B0)
x (ring above - 02DA)

̋

030B

COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
* Hungarian, Chuvash
x (quotation mark - 0022)
x (modifier letter double prime - 02BA)
x (double acute accent - 02DD)

̌

030C

COMBINING CARON
= hacek, V above
x (caron - 02C7)

̍

030D

COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE
* this is not the Greek tonos
* Marshallese
x (modifier letter vertical line - 02C8)

̎

030E

COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE
* Marshallese
x (quotation mark - 0022)

̏

030F

COMBINING DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
* Serbian and Croatian poetics

̐

0310

COMBINING CANDRABINDU
x (devanagari sign candrabindu - 0901)

̑

0311

COMBINING INVERTED BREVE

̒

0312

COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE
= cedilla above
* Latvian (but not used in decomposition)
x (modifier letter turned comma - 02BB)

̓

0313

COMBINING COMMA ABOVE (Psili)
= Greek psili, smooth breathing mark
* Americanist: ejective or glottalization
x (modifier letter apostrophe - 02BC)
x (combining cyrillic psili pneumata - 0486)
x (armenian apostrophe - 055A)

̔

0314

COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE (Dasia)
= Greek dasia, rough breathing mark
x (modifier letter reversed comma - 02BD)
x (combining cyrillic dasia pneumata - 0485)
x (armenian modifier letter left half ring - 0559)

̕

0315

COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
x (modifier letter apostrophe - 02BC)

̖

0316

COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT BELOW

̗

0317

COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW

̘

0318

COMBINING LEFT TACK BELOW

̙

0319

COMBINING RIGHT TACK BELOW

̚

031A

COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE
* IPA: unreleased stop

̛

031B

COMBINING HORN
* Vietnamese

̜

031C

COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW
* IPA: open variety of vowel
x (modifier letter down tack - 02D5)

̝

031D

COMBINING UP TACK BELOW
* IPA: vowel raising or closing
x (modifier letter up tack - 02D4)

̞

031E

COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW
* IPA: vowel lowering or opening
x (modifier letter down tack - 02D5)

̟

031F

COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW
* IPA: advanced or fronted articulation
x (modifier letter plus sign - 02D6)

̠

0320

COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW
* IPA: retracted or backed articulation
* glyph may have small end-serifs
x (modifier letter minus sign - 02D7)

̡

0321

COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW
* IPA: palatalization
x (modifier letter small j - 02B2)

̢

0322

COMBINING RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW
* IPA: retroflexion

̣

0323

COMBINING DOT BELOW
= nang
* IPA: closer variety of vowel
* Americanist and Indo-Europeanist: retraction or retroflexion
* Semiticist: velarization or pharyngealization
* Vietnamese tone mark
x (modifier letter up tack - 02D4)

̤

0324

COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW
* IPA: breathy-voice or murmur
x (modifier letter small h with hook - 02B1)

̥

0325

COMBINING RING BELOW
* IPA: voiceless
* Madurese

̦

0326

COMBINING COMMA BELOW
* Romanian, Latvian, Livonian

̧

0327

COMBINING CEDILLA
* French, Turkish, Azerbaijani
x (cedilla - 00B8)

̨

0328

COMBINING OGONEK
= nasal hook
* Americanist: nasalization
* Polish, Lithuanian
x (ogonek - 02DB)

̩

0329

COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW
* IPA: syllabic
* Yoruba
x (modifier letter low vertical line - 02CC)

̪

032A

COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW
* IPA: dental

̫

032B

COMBINING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW
* IPA: labialization
x (modifier letter small w - 02B7)

̬

032C

COMBINING CARON BELOW
* IPA: voiced

̭

032D

COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW
* Americanist: fronted articulation

̮

032E

COMBINING BREVE BELOW
* Hittite transcription

̯

032F

COMBINING INVERTED BREVE BELOW
* Americanist: fronted articulation (variant of 032D)
* Indo-Europeanist: semivowel

̰

0330

COMBINING TILDE BELOW
* IPA: creaky voice

̱

0331

COMBINING MACRON BELOW
x (low line - 005F)
x (modifier letter low macron - 02CD)

̲

0332

COMBINING LOW LINE
= underline, underscore
* connects on left and right
x (low line - 005F)

̳

0333

COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE
= double underline, double underscore
* connects on left and right
x (combining equals sign below - 0347)
x (double low line - 2017)

Overstruck diacritics

̴

0334

COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY
* IPA: velarization or pharyngealization

̵

0335

COMBINING SHORT STROKE OVERLAY

̶

0336

COMBINING LONG STROKE OVERLAY

̷

0337

COMBINING SHORT SOLIDUS OVERLAY
= short slash overlay

̸

0338

COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY
= long slash overlay

Additions

̹

0339

COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW

̺

033A

COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW

̻

033B

COMBINING SQUARE BELOW

̼

033C

COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW

̽

033D

COMBINING X ABOVE

̾

033E

COMBINING VERTICAL TILDE
* Cyrillic palatalization
x (combining cyrillic palatalization - 0484)

̿

033F

COMBINING DOUBLE OVERLINE

Vietnamese tone marks (deprecated)

̀

0340

COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK (Vietnamese)
* kerns left or right of circumflex over vowels
: 0300 combining grave accent

́

0341

COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK (Vietnamese)
* kerns right of circumflex over vowels
: 0301 combining acute accent

Additions for Greek

͂

0342

COMBINING GREEK PERISPOMENI

̓

0343

COMBINING GREEK KORONIS
: 0313 combining comma above

̈́

0344

COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS
* use of this character is discouraged
: 0308 0301

ͅ

0345

COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI
= GREEK NON-SPACING IOTA BELOW
= iota subscript
* note special casing issues
x (greek ypogegrammeni - 037A)
x (greek capital letter iota - 0399)

Additions for IPA

͆

0346

COMBINING BRIDGE ABOVE
* IPA: dentolabial
x (combining wide bridge above - 20E9)

͇

0347

COMBINING EQUALS SIGN BELOW
* IPA: alveolar

͈

0348

COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW
* IPA: strong articulation

͉

0349

COMBINING LEFT ANGLE BELOW
* IPA: weak articulation

͊

034A

COMBINING NOT TILDE ABOVE
* IPA: denasal

IPA diacritics for disordered speech

͋

034B

COMBINING HOMOTHETIC ABOVE
* IPA: nasal escape

͌

034C

COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE
* IPA: velopharyngeal friction

͍

034D

COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW BELOW
* IPA: labial spreading

͎

034E

COMBINING UPWARDS ARROW BELOW
* IPA: whistled articulation

Grapheme joiner

͏

034F

COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER
* has no visible glyph
* indicates that adjoining characters are to be treated as a graphemic unit

Double diacritics

͠

0360

COMBINING DOUBLE TILDE

͡

0361

COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE

͢

0362

COMBINING DOUBLE RIGHTWARDS ARROW BELOW
* IPA: sliding articulation

Medieval superscript letter diacritics
These are letter diacritics written directly above other letters. They appear primarily in medieval Germanic manuscripts, but saw some usage as late as the 19th century in some languages.

ͣ

0363

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER A

ͤ

0364

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER E

ͥ

0365

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER I

ͦ

0366

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O

ͧ

0367

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER U

ͨ

0368

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER C

ͩ

0369

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER D

ͪ

036A

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER H

ͫ

036B

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER M

ͬ

036C

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER R

ͭ

036D

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER T

ͮ

036E

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER V

ͯ

036F

COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER X


H.W. Alt - 11.09.2003

02B0:Spacing Modifier Letters 02B0:Spacing Modifier Letters
Descriptions Descriptions
0370:Greek and Coptic 0370:Greek and Coptic
0300:Combining Diacritical Marks