0250:IPA Extensions 0250:IPA Extensions
Descriptions Descriptions
0300:Combining Diacritical Marks 0300:Combining Diacritical Marks
02B0:Spacing Modifier Letters

02B0:Spacing Modifier Letters

02B0 Spacing Modifier Letters 02FF
Phonetic modifiers derived from Latin letters

ʰ

02B0

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
* aspiration
# <super> 0068

ʱ

02B1

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK
* breathy voiced, murmured
x (latin small letter h with hook - 0266)
x (combining diaeresis below - 0324)
# <super> 0266

ʲ

02B2

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J
* palatalization
x (combining palatalized hook below - 0321)
# <super> 006A

ʳ

02B3

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R
# <super> 0072

ʴ

02B4

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R
x (latin small letter turned r - 0279)
# <super> 0279

ʵ

02B5

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH HOOK
x (latin small letter turned r with hook - 027B)
# <super> 027B

ʶ

02B6

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R
* preceding four used for r-coloring or r-offglides
x (latin letter small capital inverted r - 0281)
# <super> 0281

ʷ

02B7

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
* labialization
x (combining inverted double arch below - 032B)
# <super> 0077

ʸ

02B8

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y
* palatalization
* common Americanist substitution for 02B2
# <super> 0079

Miscellaneous phonetic modifiers

ʹ

02B9

MODIFIER LETTER PRIME
* primary stress, emphasis
* transliteration of mjagkij znak (Cyrillic soft sign: palatalization)
x (apostrophe - 0027)
x (acute accent - 00B4)
x (modifier letter acute accent - 02CA)
x (combining acute accent - 0301)
x (greek numeral sign - 0374)
x (prime - 2032)

ʺ

02BA

MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME
* exaggerated stress, contrastive stress
* transliteration of tverdyj znak (Cyrillic hard sign: no palatalization)
x (quotation mark - 0022)
x (combining double acute accent - 030B)
x (double prime - 2033)

ʻ

02BB

MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA
* typographical alternate for 02BD or 02BF
x (combining turned comma above - 0312)
x (left single quotation mark - 2018)

ʼ

02BC

MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
= apostrophe
* glottal stop, glottalization, ejective
* spacing clone of Greek smooth breathing mark
* many languages use this as a letter of their alphabets
x (apostrophe - 0027)
x (combining comma above - 0313)
x (combining comma above right - 0315)
x (armenian apostrophe - 055A)
x (right single quotation mark - 2019)

ʽ

02BD

MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA
* weak aspiration
* spacing clone of Greek rough breathing mark
x (combining reversed comma above - 0314)
x (armenian modifier letter left half ring - 0559)
x (single high-reversed-9 quotation mark - 201B)

ʾ

02BE

MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING
* transliteration of Arabic hamza (glottal stop)
x (armenian apostrophe - 055A)
x (arabic letter hamza - 0621)

ʿ

02BF

MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING
* transliteration of Arabic ain (voiced pharyngeal fricative)
x (armenian modifier letter left half ring - 0559)
x (arabic letter ain - 0639)

ˀ

02C0

MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP
* ejective or glottalized
* typographical alternate for 02BC or 02BE
x (latin letter glottal stop - 0294)
x (combining hook above - 0309)

ˁ

02C1

MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
* typographical alternate for 02BF
x (latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricative - 0295)

˂

02C2

MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD
* fronted articulation

˃

02C3

MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD
* backed articulation

˄

02C4

MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD
* raised articulation
x (circumflex accent - 005E)
x (up arrowhead - 2303)

˅

02C5

MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD
* lowered articulation

ˆ

02C6

MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
* rising-falling tone, falling tone, secondary stress, etc.
x (circumflex accent - 005E)
x (combining circumflex accent - 0302)

ˇ

02C7

CARON (Mandarin Chinese third tone)
= hacek
* falling-rising tone
* Mandarin Chinese third tone
x (combining caron - 030C)

ˈ

02C8

MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE
* primary stress, downstep
* precedes letter or syllable modified
x (apostrophe - 0027)
x (combining vertical line above - 030D)

ˉ

02C9

MODIFIER LETTER MACRON (Mandarin Chinese first tone)
* high level tone
* precedes or follows letter or syllable modified
* Mandarin Chinese first tone
x (macron - 00AF)
x (combining macron - 0304)

ˊ

02CA

MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT (Mandarin Chinese second tone)
* high-rising tone (IPA), high tone, primary stress
* Mandarin Chinese second tone
x (acute accent - 00B4)
x (modifier letter prime - 02B9)
x (combining acute accent - 0301)
x (greek numeral sign - 0374)
x (armenian emphasis mark - 055B)

ˋ

02CB

MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT (Mandarin Chinese fourth tone)
* high-falling tone (IPA), low tone, secondary or tertiary stress
* Mandarin Chinese fourth tone
x (grave accent - 0060)
x (combining grave accent - 0300)
x (armenian comma - 055D)

ˌ

02CC

MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE
* secondary stress
* precedes letter or syllable modified
x (combining vertical line below - 0329)

ˍ

02CD

MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON
* low level tone
x (low line - 005F)
x (combining macron below - 0331)

ˎ

02CE

MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT
* low-falling tone

ˏ

02CF

MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT
* low-rising tone
x (greek lower numeral sign - 0375)

ː

02D0

MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
* length mark
x (colon - 003A)

ˑ

02D1

MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON
* half-length mark
x (middle dot - 00B7)

˒

02D2

MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING
* more rounded articulation

˓

02D3

MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING
* less rounded articulation

˔

02D4

MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK
* vowel raising or closing
x (combining up tack below - 031D)
x (combining dot below - 0323)

˕

02D5

MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK
* vowel lowering or opening
x (combining left half ring below - 031C)
x (combining down tack below - 031E)

˖

02D6

MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN
* advanced or fronted articulation
x (combining plus sign below - 031F)

˗

02D7

MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN
* retracted or backed articulation
* glyph may have small end-serifs
x (combining minus sign below - 0320)

Spacing clones of diacritics

˘

02D8

BREVE
x (combining breve - 0306)
# 0020 0306

˙

02D9

DOT ABOVE (Mandarin Chinese light tone)
* Mandarin Chinese fifth tone (light or neutral)
x (combining dot above - 0307)
# 0020 0307

˚

02DA

RING ABOVE
x (degree sign - 00B0)
x (combining ring above - 030A)
# 0020 030A

˛

02DB

OGONEK
x (combining ogonek - 0328)
# 0020 0328

˜

02DC

SMALL TILDE
x (tilde - 007E)
x (combining tilde - 0303)
x (tilde operator - 223C)
# 0020 0303

˝

02DD

DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
x (combining double acute accent - 030B)
# 0020 030B

Additions based on 1989 IPA

˞

02DE

MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
* rhotacization in vowel
* often ligated: 025A = 0259 + 02DE; 025D = 025C + 02DE

˟

02DF

MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT
* Swedish grave accent

ˠ

02E0

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA
* these modifier letters are occasionally used in transcription of affricates
# <super> 0263

ˡ

02E1

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L
# <super> 006C

ˢ

02E2

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S
# <super> 0073

ˣ

02E3

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X
# <super> 0078

ˤ

02E4

MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
# <super> 0295

Tone letters

˥

02E5

MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR

˦

02E6

MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR

˧

02E7

MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR

˨

02E8

MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR

˩

02E9

MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR

˪

02EA

MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK

˫

02EB

MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK

IPA modifiers

ˬ

02EC

MODIFIER LETTER VOICING

˭

02ED

MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED

Other modifier letters

ˮ

02EE

MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE
* Nenets


H.W. Alt - 11.09.2003

0250:IPA Extensions 0250:IPA Extensions
Descriptions Descriptions
0300:Combining Diacritical Marks 0300:Combining Diacritical Marks
02B0:Spacing Modifier Letters